Creating Seamless Textures
Using your own, custom textures can help improve the way your maps, buses, splines, objects etc. look, as well as make them stand out from other projects. One option is to use a website such as textures.com which provides a large number of various textures to choose from, most of which already are seamless. Another option is to use images you have taken yourself or from another source. If you go for the second option, it is likely you will have to make those textures seamless. Making seamless textures means that the texture can repeat many times, but you will not be able to tell exactly where it starts and ends. For example:
This is the original, unedited texture. You may need to zoom in but if you look carefully, you can see that there is a seam in the middle where the texture ends. It is not very obvious in this example, but it can become much more noticeable with different textures.
There are two ways of turning an image into a seamless texture, both of which are covered in this tutorial. Below I have compared results from both methods to show which one looks better.
This is the texture created using Method 1. While you no longer get a nasty seam in the middle, you can clearly see that the texture has been mirrored. In my opinion this result does not look very good, although you may get away with it in some cases. This is why I recommend you use Method 2 when possible:
This is the texture created using Method 2. With this texture, it is not obvious where the texture ends, and it does not look mirrored.
For both of these methods, I have only used Paint.NET.
This tutorial assumes that you are already fairly familiar with the software, and the basics of creating and editing textures. It also does not go over how to apply those textures to a 3D model.
1st Method
2nd Method
Sorry if some things don't make sense, it's my first time writing a tutorial. If you have any questions feel free to ask!
Using your own, custom textures can help improve the way your maps, buses, splines, objects etc. look, as well as make them stand out from other projects. One option is to use a website such as textures.com which provides a large number of various textures to choose from, most of which already are seamless. Another option is to use images you have taken yourself or from another source. If you go for the second option, it is likely you will have to make those textures seamless. Making seamless textures means that the texture can repeat many times, but you will not be able to tell exactly where it starts and ends. For example:
There are two ways of turning an image into a seamless texture, both of which are covered in this tutorial. Below I have compared results from both methods to show which one looks better.
For both of these methods, I have only used Paint.NET.
This tutorial assumes that you are already fairly familiar with the software, and the basics of creating and editing textures. It also does not go over how to apply those textures to a 3D model.
1st Method
This is the simplest and quickest way of creating a seamless texture. This method works by selecting half of the image, flipping it and then pasting it on the opposite side. The advantages of this method are that it is fairly simple and does not take a lot of time. However, it produces worse results compared to the other method.
This is the base image I will use for this tutorial. I took this image off Google Streetview, and then cropped it to only include the area I need.
The next step is to select one half of the image and drag the outermost edge over to the opposite side of the image. You should end up with something like this:
You can then save it and use it to texture your building/spline/whatever.
The next step is to select one half of the image and drag the outermost edge over to the opposite side of the image. You should end up with something like this:
You can then save it and use it to texture your building/spline/whatever.
This is the final result:
And this is how it repeats:
And this is how it repeats:
2nd Method
This method is more complicated than the first. It works by swapping parts of the texture around, then blending them with the original image. The advantage of this method is that it produces a much more realistic and convincing result than the first. However, it is more difficult and takes more time.
I will be using the same image for this method, so that you can easily compare both methods and the results they give.
The first step is to create two new layers. You can name them something like 'Left Half' and 'Right Half' if you wish, but it is not necessary. Then, select the Background layer and select half of the image:
Then, copy and paste the selected area so that it is on a new layer and on the opposite side of the image to where it was originally. You should end up with something like this:
Repeat the process for the other half of the image, so that you end up with something similar to this:
Select the eraser tool and set the brush width to something like 100 and the hardness to 0%. Then, erase the inner parts of each layer, making sure to start in the middle of the image. This is to make the layer blend in nicely with the original image in the background. Do this for both layers.
If you hide the background layer, you should end up with something that looks similar to this:
Finally, make sure that all the layers you need are selected, and merge them into one. You can then make any further edits to the texture and save it. If you wish to make your texture repeat both vertically and horizontally, you will now need to repeat this whole process for the top and bottom halves.
The first step is to create two new layers. You can name them something like 'Left Half' and 'Right Half' if you wish, but it is not necessary. Then, select the Background layer and select half of the image:
If you hide the background layer, you should end up with something that looks similar to this:
This is the result:
And this is how it repeats:
And this is how it repeats:
Sorry if some things don't make sense, it's my first time writing a tutorial. If you have any questions feel free to ask!